The first US edition of, perhaps, Peter Kropotkin’s most important and lasting work. 1902’s Mutual Aid is an attack on Social Darwinism and upheld that evolutionary factors led to and favored cooperation. His ideas presented an alternative to the historical materialism of Marxists for a scientific basis of communism. In turn, this book is been seen by many as the basis for anarcho-communism. Online text here.

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution by Peter Kropotkin. McClure Philips and Company Publishers, New York. 1902.

Contents: Introduction, Mutual Aid Among Animals, Mutual Aid Among Animals (cont’d), Mutual Aid Among Savages, Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians, Mutual Aid in the Medieval City, Mutual Aid in the Medieval City (cont’d), Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves, Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves (cont’d), Conclusion, Appendix. 328 pages.

PDF of book: https://archive.org/download/cu31924030243640/cu31924030243640.pdf