The Alphabet for the Children of Socialists by August Bernhard Mäkelä. Finnish Socialist Publishing Company, Fitchburg, Massachusetts. 1912.

Aakkoset sosialistien lapsille August Bernhard Mäkelä. Suomen Sosialistinen Kustantaja, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, 1912.

From the 1890s on, Finns were a backbone of the Socialist movement in the upper Great Lakes, which tended toward syndicalism and revolution, as well as parts of the East Coast centered on Massachusetts, where they tended ‘Constructivist’, and certain industrial Midwestern cities, which tended to be ‘centrist.’ The Communist movement also finding large support in the Finnish mining communities of the North Woods and the lumber camps of the Pacific Coast. In 1914 the Finnish Language Federation of the Socialist Party had 227 branches and a monthly average of 11,657 members for the year. Its activists published 27 Finnish-language and three English-language periodicals with tens of thousands of subscribers. Finnish-born Americans and their children constituted 400,000 people in 1920, meaning Socialism and Communism held genuine mass appeal with in portions of their community for generations.

PDF of pamphlet: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t76t1vv37?urlappend=%3Bseq=5