Workers Challenge (United Toilers of America). Vol. 1 No. 7. May 6, 1922.

Workers Challenge was published weekly in New York City beginning in early 1922 by The United Toilers of America (UTA), the legal wing of the underground Communist Party which split from the Communist Party of America in late 1921. The main issues were around when and how to create a legal organization in the context of still-raging US government repression. Sometimes referred to as the Central Caucus CPA, the UTA’s constituents were mostly, though not exclusively, the Language Federations and included the Workers’ Defense Conference of New England, the Alliance of Polish Workers of America, the Ukrainian Association, the Lettish Publishing Association, the Polish Publishing Association, the Lithuanian Workers’ Association, the Woman’s Progressive Alliance. The Communist International ordered the group dissolved and to rejoin Workers Party of America, which the group rejected until its position could be heard at the full Comintern Congress. However, by the time of the Second Bridgman Convention later of August, 1922 most had. A rump organization resisted merger and continued as a tiny sect into the 1940s as the United Toilers of America. Leading figures included John J. Ballam, Harry Wicks, Charles Dirba, and George Ashkenudzie.

PDF of the full issue: https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/workerschallenge/v1n07-may-06-1922-workers-chal.pdf