Connolly describes the origin and aims of the I.C.A. in an October, 1915 article reprinted the Butte Daily Bulletin. The Bulletin was edited by Irish American labor leader William F. Dunne in a city with a rich radical tradition and a large Irish Republican constituency–including a ‘Pearse-Connolly Club.’

‘The Irish Citizen Army’ (1915) by James Connolly from The Butte Daily Bulletin. Vol. 3 No. 80. November 20, 1920.

Five years ago–in the Workers’ Republic, of October 30, 1915–James Connolly wrote:

The Irish Citizen Army was founded during the great Dublin lock-out of 1913-14, for the purpose of protecting the working class, and of preserving its right of public meeting and free association. The streets of Dublin had been covered by the bodies of helpless men, women, boys, and girls, brutally batoned by the uniformed bullies of the British government.

Three men had been killed, and one young Irish girl murdered by a scab, and nothing was done to bring the assassins to justice. So since justice did not exist for us, since the law instead of protecting the rights of the workers was an open enemy, and since the armed forces of the crown were unreservedly at the disposal of the enemies of labor, it was resolved to create our own army to secure our rights, to protect our members, and to be a guarantee of our own free progress.

The Irish Citizen Army was the first publicly organized armed citizen force south of the Boyne. Its constitution pledged, and still pledges, its members to work for an Irish republic, and for the emancipation of labor. It has ever been foremost in all national work, and whilst never neglecting its own special function, has always been at the disposal of the forces of Irish nationality for the ends common to all.

Its influence and presence have kept the peace at all labor meetings since its foundation, and the knowledge of its existence and of the spirit of its members has contributed to prevent the employers and the government from proceeding to extremes against the fighting unions. It has in a true and real sense added many shillings per week to the pay of the union members, since it, and it alone, has done in Barry, namely, sending soldiers in to do dockers’ work during a strike.

Nationally it has done much more. When the Great Betrayal was perpetrated on Ireland, and John Redmond and his followers, aided by all the capitalist press in the country, joined in a conspiracy to rush the young men of Ireland into the ranks of the British Army, the first stirring blow struck against that Betrayal was the historic meeting in Stephen’s Green on the night of Redmond’s Mansion House fiasco.

Who took the field that night, in spite of the massed battalions of the British Army, waiting the word in every barrack square in Dublin? It was the Irish Citizen Army who sprang into the gap, and by its fearless presence gave new heart and hope to the dismayed and betrayed people of Ireland.

When the first deportation order was issued to the first victim, Captain Monteith, who leaped to arms and invited the people of Dublin to hurl their defiance in the teeth of the government? Who rallied to the meeting despite torrents of rain, and in face of the open demonstration of armed forces by the Dublin garrison? Again, it was the Irish Citizen Army.

Who, on every occasion on which the enemy has struck his blow at those who stood for freedom, has ever hastened to the side of the victims declaring their cause to be its own?

Who, when the protest meeting was held in the Park under directions of the Volunteer Committee, were the only armed body to attend and declare their adhesion to the cause of their imprisoned brothers in arms?

An armed organization of the Irish working class is a phenomenon in Ireland. Hitherto the workers of Ireland have fought as parts of the armies led by their masters, never as members of an army officered, trained, and inspired by men of their own class. Now, with arms in their hands, they propose to steer their own course, to carve their own future.

Neither Home Rule, nor the lack of Home Rule, will make them lay down their arms.

However it may be for others, for us of the Citizen Army there is but one ideal, an Ireland ruled and owned by Irish men and women, sovereign and independent from the center to the sea, and flying its own flag outward over all the oceans.

We cannot be swerved from our course by honeyed words, lulled into carelessness by freedom to parade and strut in uniforms, nor betrayed by high-sounding phrases.

The Irish Citizen Army will only co-operate in a forward movement. The moment that forward movement ceases it reserves to itself the right to step out of the alignment, and advance, by itself, if needs be, in an effort to plant the banner of Freedom one reach further towards its goal. If you believe in that spirit help our fund. If you are men follow your donation into our ranks.

The Butte Daily Bulletin began in 1917 in reaction to the labor wars in Montana, the Speculator Mine fire killing 168 miners; IWW organizing, and the murder of IWW organizer Frank Little in Butte. Future Communist leader and IWW organizer William F. Dunne and R. Bruce Smith, president of the Butte Typographical Union published the paper as an outgrowth of a strike bulletin with the masthead reading, “We Preach the Class Struggle in the Interests of the Workers as a Class.” It became daily in August 1918 and in September 1818 officers raided their offices and arrested Dunne and Smith on sedition charges. An extremely combative revolutionary paper, while unaligned, it supported the struggles of the Left Wing in the SP, reflecting the large radical Irish working class of Butte also supported Ireland’s and the Bolshevik revolution, as well as the continued campaigns of the IWW locally and national as well as the issues in Butte. It ran until May 31, 1921.

PDF of full issue: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045085/1920-11-20/ed-1/seq-1/