Dozens of reports and photos on a revolutionary May Day, the first of the Great Depression and with the Communist Party wholly embracing the ‘Third Period.’ Across the country hundreds of thousands participated in the strikes, demonstrations and street fights, with hundreds of arrests from New York City to Rome, Georgia.

‘May Day, 1930’ Reports from The Daily Worker.

5,000 PARADE IN CINCINNATI.

CINCINNATI, Ohio, May 1. Over 5,000 workers took part in the demonstration here which was broken up by the police. Six workers were arrested, Mitchell, Stark, Kempt, Jenny, Atkins, Kirchbaum. Soifer, Daily Worker agent, was arrested last night for distributing Dailies before factory gates. All are out on bail charged with unlawful assembly and disorderly conduct. Two days before the demonstration the police major refused a permit officially. The demonstration was held in defiance of the order of the police.

10,000 BRAVE THE RAIN AT STADIUM.

May First Crowd Hears Call to Struggle

Despite repeated heavy downpours of rain, an enthusiastic crowd of 10,000 workers assembled in Coney Island Stadium yesterday night after marching miles to the May Day demonstration in Union Square and standing for hours in the square. The Workers International Relief Brass Band was a feature of the Stadium meeting. Various workers’ choruses sang revolutionary songs. Herbert Benjamin, chairman, stated: “This tremendous demonstration will hearten our jailed comrades.” The main speaker was Max Bedacht, who spoke in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, U.S.A. He said:

“May Day, international labor day, is the day of the revolutionary proletariat, not like the emasculated ‘official’ American Labor Day. It is the day when the militant workers show their power and determination to fight against the rotten capitalist system. We held our demonstration in New York because of the determination of the workers, and despite the edicts of the Whalens and the bosses behind him.

Woll and Freedom!

“Woll, the Fascist vice-president of the A. F. of L., speaks for the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the clique of exploiters who backed their meeting. What did he say? ‘There is plenty of freedom here.’ Freedom, yes, for one class–the capitalist class. For the workers there is only slavery, misery, unemployment, police brutality, murders and jailings.

“May Day is not the end of our struggles. We have many tasks before us. The imperialists are rapidly preparing for war. They are planning an attack against the Soviet Union. We must organize the workers to fight for the defense of the Soviet Union We must organize our revolutionary trade unions, under the leadership of the Trade Union Unity League to fight against rationalization.

Unified Under C.P.

“All these struggles must be unified under the leadership of the Communist Party in general attack against the capitalist system. On August 1 we will demonstrate for the defense of the Soviet Union and against imperialist war. Immediate preparation must be made for wide mobilization. On July 4 will be held in Chicago a tremendous gathering to fight for ‘Work or Wages.’ We must mobilize the widest forces for this.

“In this country we have a capitalist dictatorship. What we want is a proletarian dictatorship. May Day, the international fighting day of the revolutionary proletariat, is the gauge of the growing determination of the workers to establish the Socialist state.”

THOUSANDS IN COLUMBUS MARCH.

COLUMBUS, Ohio, May 1. Two to three thousand workers took part in the biggest working-class demonstration ever held in this city today. Tremendous enthusiasm greeted all speakers. There were over 100 cops and dicks at the meeting. Practically all literature was sold. Saul S. Jagoda and D. Watson were the speakers.

MASS MAY DAY MARCH IN CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CLEVELAND, Ohio, May 1. Capitalist press dispatches declare that over 1,000 massed in Public Square here today under the leadership of the Communist Party and paraded through the downtown section. (These figures are undoubtedly a gross underestimation by the capitalist liars.) The workers carried many banners demanding “Work or Wages,” against imperialist war, for the defense of the Soviet Union.

Wilkesbarre Meet Broken by Police.

WILKESBARRE, Penn., May 1. Two hundred workers were present at the May Day demonstration here, which lasted for 20 minutes. Slinger and Pershing were arrested before the meeting concluded. The International Labor Defense is working to obtain their release.

Four Jailed at New Haven Meet.

NEW HAVEN, Conn., May 1. Four Communists were arrested for speaking to a crowd of workers here gathered at a May Day meeting, say capitalist press reports. The meeting took place on Main St. Those arrested are: John Vincent, Esther Jacobsen, Leonard Patterson and George Curry.

87 N.Y. MAY DAY PICKETS JAILED.

Forty-seven adult workers were arrested yesterday in New York and forty workers’ children. Fortythree of the arrests were for picketing the schools, where servile teachers led children out and forced them to cheer for Whalen. Young Pioneers led the school picketing. Twenty were arrested picketing shops in the morning, eleven for putting up strike posters and nine for distributing leaflets. The picket lines at the Edison Co. were assaulted by police, also at the Eagle Pencil Co. and the Interborough yards, but here no arrests were made.

Terrific Bail.

The arrests were in front of the Gotham Hosiery Co., on the waterfront, and at the Salcom Shoe Co. Fourteen adult workers and seven workers’ children, arrested yesterday for school picketing, are held on $2,500 bail each in the Bronx. Seven workers of the scores arrested earlier this week for distributing leaflets are held in Brooklyn for a total of $14,000 bail. They are all Young Communists. Judge Sabatini, the capitalist agent who once before threatened from the bench to take a Young Communist before him into a back room and beat him on, placed this bail.

CLASH WITH COPS IN STAMFORD, CONN.

STAMFORD, Conn., May 1. According to capitalist press reports, police attached the May Day demonstration here, with strong resistance by the workers. Thirteen workers were arrested and two cops were injured. The number of workers hurt is not reported. Police Lieutenant Martin Ryan and Detective Sergeant Lester Hay received hand injuries when attempting to arrest workers in the march.

15,000 MEET IN BOSTON COMMON.

BOSTON, Mass., May 1. The May Day demonstration here was a victory, in spite of the police threats. Fifteen thousand workers met on Boston Common. Five thousand paraded through the streets. Detailed report later.

Workers Clash With Police in Elizabeth.

ELIZABETH, N.J., May 1. A big demonstration took place here, with police arresting five Communists, in an attempt to break it up, say capitalist news dispatches. The pretext for breaking up the demonstration is that the speakers “denounced the capitalist government.”

150,000 STRIKE AND DEMONSTRATE IN NEW YORK; WHALEN, FASCIST POLICE CHIEF ESTIMATES 70,000 IN PARADE.

Union Square Resolution Demands Release of March 6 Committee–Sends Greetings to Revolutionary Workers Everywhere–18,000 Police, Gas Bombs, Machine Guns, Bar All But Marchers From Union Square–Streets Black With Workers–Fascists Fizzle

BULLETIN

Early editions of the New York American quote Police Commissioner Whalen as saying that the crowd in Union Square at 4 p.m., which were the actual paraders, was at “something like 70,000”—“the largest the city has seen.” We are claiming only about half that, but we do say that Whalen’s machine guns barred 150,000 workers who tried to get into Union Square.

A hundred and fifty thousand New York workers turned out yesterday, striking and demonstrating on May Day, the international day of struggle for proletarians. They massed on the sidewalks and side streets around Union Square, and tried in vain to get in to hear the speakers of the Communist Party, of the Trade Union Unity League, of its militant industrial unions, and of the many workers defense, cultural, relief, educational, sports, and language organizations.

A solid wall of blue coated police, on foot, with masked mounted police lurking in ambush at strategic points, and with many riot wagons, filled with 12 or 15 police, loaded with machine guns and gas bombs, within easy reach, blocked all workers away from Union Square, and lines of police along the march prevented them from joining the parade. The police absolutely prevented by force the attempt of tens of thousands to get in. They allowed only the 25,000 who marched from Rutgers Square to enter Union Square, a march of a mile and threequarters.

The arrangements committee served demand on Police Commissioner Whalen to open the lines and allow the enormous throngs to enter Union Square, but he refused, and he had machine guns. Yesterday morning began with picket lines before all the largest factories, and on the waterfront. Speakers, and Communist Party trucks, decorated with slogans and banners, arrived at various of the factories. Workers handed out leaflets calling a general political strike, and urged all to march down to Rutgers Square and demonstrate. Police attacked many of the picket lines, particularly at Western Electric, Eagle Pencil Co., Nabisco Biscuit Co., and on the waterfront. Scores were arrested at other factories. The police refused to permit the Communist Party truck at Pier 36 to move. Workers’ children, led by the Young Pioneers, picketed the schools. Many were arrested. The Local International Labor Defense was busy all day fighting to get them out.

By noon over sixty thousand workers were gathered around and in Rutgers Square.

Section after section of militant workers’ organizations came banners streaming, red flags flying and slogans displayed.

Down With the Forwards.

As they came by the yellow socialist Forward building they booed. The fakers and gang-leaders dodged around the upper windows and scowled. The doorstep of the Forward was occupied by “Little Auggie’s” gang of professional gunmen and sluggers, criminals, frequently hired by the reactionary socialist and A.F. of L. leaders to attack workers picketing for better wages and conditions. Solid ranks, three deep, of police protected the bosses’ agents who run the Forward.

A line of placards, 20 or more, faced the socialist party gang from the iron fence on Seward Park, “The Forward Is the Ally of the Bosses and White Guards.”

Jeers For Whalen.

Police Commissioner Whalen drove up, fresh from the little meeting of 2,600 held by the jingo societies at noon in Union Square, “Veterans of Foreign Wars” and “World War Veterans,” mostly city employes forced to take part and given a day’s pay and a day off to go. With the jingoes, making up a third of the crowd, were the Russian White Guards, some of them having come from as far away as the Sikorski factory in Connecticut. This gang was planning to attack the workers, but evidently lost its nerve. When Whalen’s car reached Rutgers Square he was recognized and rode along in a storm of jeers and hisses.

Many of the organizations found the space allotted them, based on estimates of the numbers they would muster for the grueling long march to Union Square, altogether too small.

The food workers, led by the Industrial Union were hunting a bigger street and marching around the block looking for it. The needle workers, the marine workers, led by the banners of the Marine Workers’ Industrial Union; the office workers, led by the delegation from the Office Workers’ Union, left their assigned post and extended themselves for three blocks or more down Rutgers St. The Workers’ Clubs, Workers’ International Relief and International Labor Defense and other organizations on Hester St. north of the park, had to extend repeatedly to the eastward to find room.

Great Enthusiasm.

The crowd was extremely enthusiastic. Loud cheers greeted each newly arriving delegation, each banner draped truck. Revolutionary and strike songs swept through the ranks.

Speaking Begins.

Speaking started from a truck in front of the Forward building. Herbert Benjamin, acting district organizer of District 2 of the Communist Party, opened the meeting, announcing the purpose and meaning of May 1, a day of struggle for immediate demands, for relief and insurance for the unemployed, and struggle against the capitalist system and all its works.

Benjamin introduced John Harvey, representing the Young Communist League, who told of the struggle of the young workers and their growing determination not to be used in the coming imperialist war, either against their fellow wage slaves of other countries or against the free workers of the Soviet Union. The youth are organizing under the Communist and Trade Union Unity League banners to not be used against their fellow-workers on the jobs, either.

National Negro Organizer Ford of the T.U.U.L. spoke on the rising tide of colonial revolts, particularly of the Chinese, Indian and Negro colonies.

Louis Hyman, president of the Needle Workers’ Industrial Union, spoke in Jewish, telling of the meaning of May Day, of the revolt of workers the world over against the terrific exploitation, the 25-cent an hour wage with a 60-hour week, which the bosses inflict in many basic industries, and declared that the workers rise against these conditions, not only in Europe, Asia and Africa, but also in America. The procession began shortly before 1:30. And, what a procession?

25,000 March.

A close check-up indicated 25,000 in line. The marchers required an hour and three-quarters to pass First St. From this point in the mile and three-quarters march, up Pitt St. and Ave. C to 17th St. and along 17th St. to Union Square, the colorful, banner-flaming, singing and cheering procession was a glorious sight.

First came the great Red Flag of District 2 of the Communist Party. The actual march was led by Benjamin and John Schmies, assistant secretary-treasurer of the Trade Union Unity League, acting in place of William Z. Foster, general secretary, now serving three years with the rest of the committee of the March 6 demonstration. Many times, as the workers marched, they broke out in yells, “We want Foster,” “We want Minor” (also in jail with the March 6 committee for three years), “We want Harry Eisman,” shouted in a great chorus of the Young Communist and Young Pioneers marching in their place in line–which was at the head of the procession.

Dwarf the Jingoes.

One single section of the procession, the Needle Trades Workers’ Industrial Union, with nearly 4,000 strikers and unemployed in line, nearly doubled the entire parade of the fascists and city employes forced to go with the fascists.

Most of the marchers carried arm bands of the Communist Party or of the unions they belonged to. Most of them carried Red pennants of the Communist Party. Occasionally they yelled at the tens of thousands watching them from the sidewalks, the hundreds of thou- sands leaning from tenement house windows: “Come to Union Square.” Many did come, but were stopped by the police blockade.

Over the Young Communists and Pioneers were cartoons, drawn by members of the John Reed Club, enormous figures representing capitalist liberty–a hag with a socialist party torch in one hand; the church, a bag of dollars with crosses on it; the capitalist press, a reptile. Back of the youth came the Labor Sports Union, in uniform; the Hungarian Workers’ Club, with a banner showing Whalen, marked “Bargains.” Then came the ex-service men, with their placards pledging no war on the workers and no war on the Soviet Union. This section was led by a United States naval sailor in uniform. He was arrested and beaten up by police when the procession entered Union Square.

6,000 More For N.T.W.I.U.

Then came the Anti-fascist organizations, the Building and Metal Workers’ Leagues of the T.U.U.L., the N T.W.I.U., marching at salute with clenched fists and a banner pledging 6,000 new members by June. Many needle workers marched behind them under the ban- ners of their shop committees.

A sign read, “The socialist party is the third party of the bosses.” Another read, “Free the Workers Leaders.”

The marine workers marched next. with the big banner of the new union, and another for the Seamen’s Clubs. With them came a great cartoon of an A.F. L. fat boy smoking a cigar.

The Food Workers Industrial Union had the largest sign of all, telling of the formation of their new industrial union. They were singing “Wave Scarlet Banner” at this point. Placards scored Burkhard, Pollack and Yellin, food fakers.

A whole swarm of workers’ clubs came afterwards-Bronx, Lomzer, Downtown, Williamsburg, Brownsville, Spanish, Hungarian, Finnish, Ukrainian, and many others. With them were the Independent Workmen’s Order and the left wing branches of the Independent Workmen’s circles.

“Free the Prisoners!”

The International Labor Defense had a strong delegation, with Otto Hall, Negro organizer, and J. Louis Engdahl, the National Secretary, marching at the head. Their slogans on placards and banners demanded the release of class war prisoners, called on the workers to carry on the militant struggle. Then came the Friends of the Soviet Union, with their call to workers everywhere to defend the Workers’ Fatherland, and then more workers’ clubs and more banners and placards.

A series of militant unions were next: Independent Shoe Workers, National Textile Workers, Office Workers, Councils of the Unemployed marching with them. United Council of Working Women were in line, the Building Maintenance Workers Union, the Cleaners and Laundry Workers League of the T.U.U.L., the Barbers and Hairdressers’ League, the Paper Workers League, the John Reed Club and the Red Dancers, the Anti-Imperialist League.

At the rear of the procession was one of the several decorated trucks that went with it, and, following that, 308 police, on foot, by actual count and three “riot wagons” with tear gas and machine guns, trailing along, hoping for a chance to kill some workers. The procession marched around! Union Square and filled the space j at the North End. Only those in line were allowed in, but the workers, held back by solid lines of police, cheered and shouted to them. They marched past a reviewing stand with Max Bedacht, representing the central committee of the Communist Party, on it, and delegations from unions.

Many Speakers.

Sam Darcy was chairman of the Union Square meeting, which lasted till 5 p.m. Speakers were Engdahl, Biedenkapp of the shoe workers; Schoen, Moore, Negro organizer; Hyman, Fred Beal, Gastonia defendant Benjamin, Doon Ping, Harvey of the Marine Workers Union Wagenknecht of the Daily Worker Schmies, John Williamson, Rose Wortis of the N.T.W.I.U.; Alexander, the Negro organizer; a young Pioneer, Potash of the N.T.W.I.U.; Pat Devine, national secretary of the Councils of the Unemployed; George Siskind, Trade Union Unity Councils; Sam Weisman of the Food Workers Industrial Union and C. Hathaway, speaking for the Central Committee of the Communist Party.

Enthusiastically cheering, the great crowd adopted a resolution demanding the release of the March 6 delegation, and the other class war prisoners. It adopted and sent to the revolutionary workers of the world, byway of the Comintern, in its own name and the name of the hundreds of thousands who were prevented from entering Union Square, a telegram of greetings, a pledge to fight on for the workers, and to fight against any attack on the Soviet Union.

7,000 MEET IN PITTSBURGH DISTRICT.

PITTSBURGH, Pa., May 1. Twenty-five hundred workers gathered at the central May Day demonstration called by the Communist Party. A permit was secured for the demonstration and parade. There was no police interference with the main demonstration. Fifteen hundred workers demonstrated in, mint of the two Westinghouse plants. The workers at the lower plant stayed on fifteen minutes after one o’clock. Other demonstrations held in Monessen, Avella, Ambridge, New Kensington. Estimate that 7,000 workers responded to the Party slogans throughout the district. Seven arrests took place for distributing leaflets. Literature distribution totals 75,000 pieces.

15,000 PARADE IN PHILADELPHIA. PA.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa., May 1. Fifteen thousand workers assembled at City Hall Plaza at the call of the Communist Party, despite the fact that the capitalist press tried to cover up the calling of the demonstration by not printing one word, regarding it today. All shops in which the Needle Trades Workers Industrial Union have members struck, as well as several locals of painters and paperhangers and carpenters. A march was organized to Independence Square, where another meeting was held. In the morning two demonstrations were held on the waterfront, and participated in by 2500 seamen and longshoremen. The fakers in the International Longshoremen’s Association tried to pick a fight, but they were quickly gotten rid of. Four hundred seamen marched 24 blocks to City Hall Plaza. The police did not interfere with the demonstration. Over 50 arrests took place in the morning for shop gate meetings and leaflet distribution. Twenty-five Young Pioneers, who were marching from their headquarters to City Hall, were put in a patrol wagon but released later. Three indoor meetings are being held tonight, and an enthusiastic response is expected.

JERSEY WORKERS RAISE RED FLAG.

Newark and Elizabeth Scene of Battle

NEWARK, N.J., May 1. About 3,000 workers demonstrated here May Day at Military Park at 1 p.m. cheering numerous speakers. At about 3 p.m. the workers began a march along Bloomfield Ave. After two blocks police charged in force, seizing banners and clubbing the workers. But the dispersed workers re-formed in two groups. The police again charged. Broad Street was packed with demonstrators, thousands more participating. Finally the police were defeated in attempts to seize the red banner of the workers in a fight during which one girl worker was knocked down and a man beaten by the police. This is the first time the red banner of revolution was successfully defended in Newark. After the fight the crowd gathered at Workers Center, 93 Mercer St. At 8 p.m. a big meeting was already gathering at the Center to celebrate the workers’ victory.

TRENTON, N.J., May 1. Over a thousand workers took part in the May Day demonstration and clash that took place at Monument Park. A large number of Negro workers participated. Herbert Newton and two other workers were arrested Wednesday evening in connection with May Day preparations. The trial will take place tomorrow.

ELIZABETH N.J. Police forbid the scheduled demonstration at Union Square in Elizabeth, but 2,000 gathered. When the speakers appeared, the police chased them away from the workers, btu they returned and began speaking. Sam Myron, Morris Langer, Z. Zurof and another speaker were arrested. Defying the police, the workers marched from Union Square to the City Hall, where the prisoners were, holding a big protest demonstration at the hall. The speakers were released on $100 bail each to appear for trial May 2. It was the most successful demonstration held in Elizabeth.

BAYONNE, N.J. Several hundred workers of Bayonne gathered at 23rd and Avenue C to demonstrate on May Day. They enthusiastically applauded speakers of the Communist Party.

EL DORADO MINERS IN MAY 1 DEMONSTRATION.

WEST FRANKFORT, Ill., May 1. Hundreds of miners demonstrated in El Dorado for two hours. None were arrested. The speakers were: Ihode Tierney, vice-president, National Miners Union; L. C. Rice, C.H. Leo, Bronx, youth organizer, N. M.U.; Selma Dotkin and Ben Gray. A resolution was unanimously adopted demanding the release of the unemployed delegation. Joe Mongil was elected as delegate to the Unemployed Convention to be held in Chicago, July 4. Mobilization is going on for the Youth Conference of Miners for May 4.

HUNDREDS MARCH IN BALTIMORE.

BALTIMORE, Md., May 1. Hundreds of workers marched through the streets of Baltimore with banners on May Day. Three thousand workers gathered at City Hall Plaza, and for two hours listened to Communist speakers. The police mobilized over 1,000 cops for the demonstration.

AKRON WORKERS FIGHT THE POLICE.

AKRON, Ohio, May 1. Clashes occurred between the workers in the demonstration, organized by the Communist Party, and the police, who charged the ranks, according to capitalist press wires. The police attempted to disperse the parade by swinging nightsticks. The workers fought back valiantly. Morris Scaunn was arrested and is charged with “inciting riot.’’

3,000 MEET AT INDIANAPOLIS.

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., May 1. Three thousand workers, almost half of them Negroes, demonstrated on the plaza of the state capitol today and marched through the streets shouting slogans and demands of the Communist Party. Several hundred raised their hands on the call of Joe Dallet to join the Communist Party. A committee elected at the demonstration secured the use of City Auditorium for an indoor meeting. Tremendous enthusiasm greeted the speakers. The workers declared they would rather die fighting than starve. Many cops were massed for the demonstration, but the spirit of the workers prevented interference.

NEGROES, WHITES IN CHATTANOOGA.

2,000 Both Races Meet Defy Bosses’ Terror

CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., May 2. Defying the legal and extra-legal terror of the bosses here, 2,000 Negro and white workers gathered in city hall square on May Day and demonstrated against unbearable conditions. They listened to Negro and white speakers. They raised high, in true working-class fashion the slogans: “Defend the Soviet Union,” “Down with imperialist war,” “Work or wages for the starving millions.” The meeting lasted two hours on the lot half occupied by the city hall. The workers answered with tremendous applause the declarations that they must turn the imperialist war into a civil war and must defend the Soviet Union.

Grab Daily Worker.

Negro and white workers together pledged themselves to carry on the fight begun March 6 for work or wages. Copies of the Daily Worker were in great demand. The speakers were Gilbert Lewis and John Cook, Negro organizers, and Paul Pullman and Ray Helms. Cook is a local Negro worker. A mass meeting is called by the Trade Union Unity League.

25,000 PARADE THRU CHICAGO.

Huge Demonstration in Face of Terror

CHICAGO, Ill. May 2. Twenty-five thousand marched here May 1st from Union Park, in spite of every sort of police terror, raiding of the Communist Party offices, 23 arrested on sedition charges, 50 arrested for leaflet distribution. The police were forced to grant a permit for the parade. The committee of the unemployed, proceeding to City Hall to present demands for work or wages was refused admission. The parade ended with a huge meeting as Ashland Auditorium, where a great ovation was given Lucy Parson, widow of one of those hanged for leading the May Day strike in 1886 that made May First the international day of struggle.

JOBLESS MAY DAY MARCHERS SHOUT “ON TO CHICAGO.”

National Secretary in Call to Build Councils Prepare Convention Illinois Hunger March; 10,000 Delegates Will Meet on July 4

“Organize Unemployed Councils—on to July 4 National Convention of the Unemployed,” is the slogan of the thousands of jobless workers who did so much to prepare for and participate in the huge May Day demonstrations throughout the country. Among the main demands of the demonstrations, were those of the unemployed: immediate relief, and unemployment insurance paid for by the city and state governments out of funds in the treasuries and from special taxes on profits and inheritances; seven hour day and five day week, no speedup on the job, etc. Pat Divine, national secretary of the Councils of the Unemployed, stated yesterday:

“It was no accident that a high spot in the May Day demonstrations was the serious determination of the masses to fight for social insurance and for Work or Wages.

“Especially significant was the recognition by the employed and unemployed workers of the fact that the crises of unemployment cannot be solved by an appeal to the charity of “liberal philanthropists” but only by a decisive struggle against capitalism.

Now For Conventions!

“May Day, however, was only the beginning of the struggle…a milestone on the way. The toiling masses of the country whose attention was so sharply focused on unemployment as the basic contradiction of capitalism must now gird their loins for the building up of the Mass National Unemployed Convention in Chicago on July 4 and 5.

“Thousands of delegates from the mines, mills and factories must be elected. Revolutionary unions and leagues affiliated to the T.U.U.L. locals, fraternal organizations, etc. must start a campaign now for making the unemployed convention the most representative and largest this country has yet seen.

“Already reports from as far West as Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland, through Minnesota to Chicago, down to New York and from the industrial hell holes of the South point to the ever growing organizational structure of the National Unemployed movement.

March on Capitol.

“California reports the organization of an unemployed march to the state capitol.

“Chicago reports that a delegation of unemployed were elected to present their demands to Big Bill Thompson ‘racketeer’ mayor of the city, on May Day.

“Los Angeles requests all information regarding the National convention to which they expect to send a large delegation.

Coal Field Hunger March.

“From the coal fields of Southern Illinois comes the report that anything up to 300 coal diggers will start on a hunger march to the Chicago convention. May Day following closely on March 6 has clearly demonstrated the fundamental character of the unemployed problem.

“The sentiment for struggle must be concretized. This can be done by intensive and careful attention being given to the organization of the movement. All forces must get on the job.

“May Day was “our day.” The workers of the entire country, mobilized behind the slogan of work or wages must make Chicago on July 4 and 5 the hub of the most determined movement the country has yet witnessed.

“Carry forward the militant spirit of May, 1930, to the huge National unemployed convention in Chicago.

MORE THAN 300 JAILED ON MAY 1.

87 Pinched in New York City for May Day Preparations–Many Workers Hurt–Show Militant Spirit in Resisting Cops

Reports reaching the national office of the International Labor Defense, 80 E. 11th St., New York City, yesterday morning indicate that more than 300 workers have been arrested at May Day meetings, parades and in leaflet distribution prior to the holding of the demonstrations throughout the country. The largest number of arrests were made in New York City, where 150,000 workers tried to jam into Union Square and 25,000 paraded. Eighty-seven were taken into custody early May 1, of which 40 are members of the Young Pioneers. About 40 others were arrested several days before May Day. They are, in most cases, charged with disorderly conduct and were arrested when distributing leaflets in front of factories urging the workers to join the May Day demonstration. The majority of the cases will come up for action later in the week. In Stamford, Conn., police attacked the May Day demonstration, arresting 13 and later beating many. Four members of the Communist Party were arrested in New Haven, Conn., while in Wilkes-Barre, Penn., police charged into the crowd at the open-air meeting after it had lasted for 20 minutes and arrested the two speakers.

A huge demonstration was broken up in Elizabeth. N.J., on the pretext that the speakers were denouncing the government. Five arrests were made. Three workers were jailed in Trenton, N.J., in connection with the arrangements for the May Day meeting. They are scheduled to go on trial today. Twenty-five members of the Young Pioneers in Philadelphia, when marching from their headquarters to City Hall, were arrested but later released. More than 50 workers were arrested in the morning for distributing leaflets in front I of factories announcing the City Hall demonstration. Clashes between the workers of Akron, Ohio, and the police took place when the latter attempted to break up the May Day celebration. The police attempted to disperse the parade by the wholesale use of nightsticks. The workers fought back valiantly. One worker was arrested.

More than 6,000 workers participated in the Cincinnati demonstration, which was broken up by the police. Six arrests were made. Another worker was arrested when giving out leaflets announcing the parade and meeting. Seven arrests for distributing leaflets were made in Pittsburgh. Other reports include two arrested in Schenectady for distributing leaflets; five jailed in Detroit: and four arrests in Montreal. The International Labor Defense branches in all parts of the country are defending those arrested. The national office of the I.L.D., 80 E. 11th St., New York City, appeals for funds to defend those arrested. Those having I.L.D. collection boxes are urged to turn them in at once with funds collected to date.

20,000 IN MAY 1 MEET, MILWAUKEE.

Workers Demand “Work or Wages”

MILWAUKEE, May 2. Twenty thousand white and Negro workers demonstrated here yesterday in Court House Square. A delegation visited the mayor and county officials demanding work or wages, unemployment insurance, etc. Over 5,000 workers marched from Haymarket Square through the downtown and factory districts for two and a half miles, ending up at Court House Square. Several hundred police, heavily armed, accompanied the parade in order to intimidate the workers. Chief of police Laubenheimer issued an official warning, threatening the paraders with stern measures at the slightest violation of regulations. The police terrorism during the preparations for May Day was severe. Over forty workers were arrested and fined or jailed for distributing leaflets or speaking in front of factory gates. One worker was shot in the leg by police in front of the Harvester gates when the workers resisted the arrest of the Communist speaker. The socialist party issued a statement ostensibly the police but in reality against the militancy of the masses and the Communist Party. Thirty-two March 6 fighters will go to trial Monday. The influence of the Communist Party has increased tremendously.

I.L.D. DEFENDS 138 ARRESTED IN N.Y.

To Tell School Heads May 1 Is Our Day

The District Office of the international Labor Defense denounces the vicious campaign of the capitalist judges and the bosses’ courts against the workers who were preparing to mobilize for May Day, and the arrest of 130 workers during the week before May Day. In the Bronx, Judge Dura placed bail of $2,500 each on Sonia Gischa, Beatrice and Irma Abraham, Arthur and Edna Stein, Sonia Rosen, ripstein, Amron, Bebritz, Itzlcowitz and Rosenthal, and 14 Young Pioneers. The 14 Pioneers were released. The adults are still in jail, because it is impossible for the I.L.D. in the time of mass arrests to place bail of such fabulous sums in many courts in the city. Through the efforts of the I.L.D. the bail was reduced and they will be out today. Seven members of the Young Communist League: Smorodin, Kaminsky, Legeer, Stone, Solowins, Skarry and Ben Leroy are still held in jail with $14,000 bail placed on them by the notorious Judge Sabatini. Their case comes up on Monday. The I.L.D. will bail them Saturday morning when the bail is reduced to $500 each. Jack Toback, a young Communist is held on $500 bail for picketing Public School No. 125.

Claim Workers Holiday

The District Office of the International Labor Defense advises the parents of the children, who are being called before the Bureau of Attendance to say that they kept the children out of school because it is a workers’ holiday and that the Bureau of Attendance shouldn’t be given the opportunity to act as prosecutors. The cases of children staying out of school were so numerous that the Board of Education was forced to revoke the summonses issued for the parents. The I.L.D. further condemns the obviously malicious tactic on the part of the bosses’ police department in preventing the thousands of workers from joining the demonstration against the entire capitalist system, its wars, its planned attack on the Soviet Union, and its persecution of hundreds of workers who dare to fight for the right to strike and organize and who dare to fight for the demands of the unemployed. The I.L.D. will defend all workers who fall victims to the increasing attack of the capitalist class, and will with the aid of the workers of this city build a more powerful defense organization that will be able to do this work more effectively.

TAKE MAY 1 TO DETROIT SHOPS.

5,000 Invade Restricted Cass Park Area

DETROIT. Mich., May 2. Five thousand workers demonstrated here in Cass Park, the first demonstration here since the war, and in the restricted area from which the city government has a rule to bar all workers’ meetings. A thousand workers took part in the factory gate meetings on the morning of May 1, and at noon. In the evening 2,000 attended the meeting in Danceland Auditorium. The bosses took special measures to prevent the workers from coming out on the street. In many cases they provided lunch, and radios at noon. But mainly they relied on intimidation, and by physical force prevented the workers from coming out.

Resist Police, Save Speakers.

Dozens were arrested at the factory gates. The morning meeting at the Briggs factory in Highland Park was attacked by the police and workers fought them, preventing the arrest of speakers. At the afternoon meeting there, the reinforced police made many arrests. Police were concentrated in large numbers in all important factories, Six were arrested at the meeting at Garfield. In a public school demonstration, a number of police were bruised in the struggle with the workers who came to the assistance of the children.

Many Join Union, Party.

At all meetings, including the one in Cass Park, resolutions were j passed demanding the release of the j delegation of the unemployed arrested in New York on March 6. Many workers joined the Auto Workers’ Union during these meetings and at Cass Park. At the evening meeting, many joined the Communist Party. A considerable number of Daily Worker subscriptions were secured, and much literature.

Beat Children for Calling School Strike.

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., May 2. Teachers of the South High School found a Red slogan on the sidewalk—“Out of school on May Day”—and picked three Pioneers, the two Nadolsky brothers and Kramer, and beat them so that Kramer will have to be treated by a doctor for! a knock on the head with a club.

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., May 2. Three thousand furniture workers and others demonstrated at the industrial city of Grand Rapids on May Day. It is estimated that fully 15,000 participated in all the demonstrations at factory gates and in the streets in the Detroit district of the Communist Party.

10,000 FIGHT LOS ANGELES POLICE.

Workers Show Militant Spirit

LOS ANGELES, Cal. May 2. Over ten thousand American, Mexican, Chinese, Filipino and Negro workers demonstrated on May Day here, fighting back the police attack. Numerous placards were displayed, and thousands of throwaways were distributed. The Young Pioneers and the youth took special part in the marching and singing. About forty of them were taken to juvenile detention house. Two police were given a thrashing, and many arrests and beatings occurred. In the evening, two indoor mass meetings were held with a thousand present. Thirty joined the Communist Party, three joined the Young Communist League and three the Pioneers.

5,000 FIGHT THE OAKLAND POLICE.

Parade Broken, Reforms 3 Times

OAKLAND, Calif., May 2. Five thousand workers, marching with banners in the May Day procession, were attacked by a hundred armed police at Franklin and Tenth Sts. and the parade was broken up. The unarmed workers defended themselves heroically and the battle lasted an hour. The parade reformed at Thirteenth St. and Broadway, and, when broken again, reformed at Chabot Park, where it was also broken up.

Tear Gas the Speakers.

The police riot squad threw tear gas up at the speakers, who continued their agitation for the demands of the workers, although choking from the fumes. They spoke until the crowds were dispersed by police attacks. A huge demonstration was organized later in the evening at Tenth St. and Broadway, which marched to the Party hall, where an indoor meeting continued the demonstration. Many workers joined the Communist Party. In the attack on the first parade 20 workers were brutally clubbed and seven were taken to the emergency hospital seriously injured.

3000 MARCH IN SAN FRANCISCO.

SAN FRANCISCO. Cal. May 3. Three thousand workers, strikers and unemployed, attended the May Day demonstration here at the Civic Center at 1 p.m. Speakers assailed Mayer Rolph’s lying promises made to the March 6 unemployment demonstration that he would do something for them. After the meeting, the demonstration marched in parade down Market St., and other streets, passing many factories. At the evening meeting in Civic Auditorium, 600 attended, and 19 new members of the Communist Party were secured. The evening mass meeting of the “May Day Federation,” a mixed body of socialists and labor takers with some renegades from the Communist Party, was a failure. This “federation” had refused to accept the Communist Party program of struggle, and the workers would have nothing to do with it. May day is established now in San Francisco as the revolutionary day of the workers.

MEETINGS IN ANTHRACITE.

SCRANTON, Pa., May 2. Meetings at Scranton and Wilkes-Barre in the anthracite coal region were attacked by the police and speakers arrested. Over 800 miners at Scranton met to demonstrate on May Day, in Scranton Square. When Phil Frankfeld was arrested, they followed him as he was taken away and demanded his release and right to address them. He was later released on bond. John Pershing and Dan Slinger of the National Miners Union were arrested in Wilkes Barre when they spoke to 900 gathered in the Square. They are held for hearing today. Indoor meetings were held in Hanover and Luerne.

5 000 BRAVE RAIN AT MINNEAPOLIS.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., May 4. Braving a heavy rain storm, 5,000 striking and jobless workers demonstrated at Minneapolis Bridge Sq. yesterday. They then paraded with many banners and two Red flags to the court house, where Carl Reeve, Communist Party district organizer, read the resolution presenting the demands of the demonstrators, and the workers unanimously voted for it. Reeve read from the court house steps, surrounded by police. The parade marched through the business centers in the driving storm and dispersed at the Communist Party offices. In an evening meeting at Humboldt Hall speakers Reeve, Charles Carson, Stover and an unemployed worker, Stern, spoke. The speakers at the Bridge Sq. meeting were Reeve, Moses, Morris, Carson, Celia Casanoff and Clara Greenberg. The St. Paul demonstration was held at Rice Park, with Rebecca Grecht as the main speaker. The workers braved the storm to demonstrate. The unemployed and the Communists were mobilized to sell Daily Workers, and at the demonstrations thousands were sold.

RAIN IN BUFFALO BUT 3000 MEET.

BUFFALO, N.Y, May 4. Despite the heavy rain storm, over 3,000 came out in May Day demonstration yesterday. Speakers were Siroko, Harvey, Melvin and the representative of the Iroquois Indian tribe. Chief Thundervoice. The spirit of the workers was splendid. At night there were Red rallies, featuring the Indian speaker in war costume.

GREENVILLE MILL DEMONSTRATION.

GREENVILLE, S.C., May 4. A successful May Day demonstration of 300 textile and other workers was held before the Woodside Mill here. The crowd was very enthusiastic. Ann Burlack was the principal speaker, and told of the significance of May Day, calling for struggle and the organization of the workers of the South. Over 200 Daily Workers were distributed.

Persecute 15 New Utrecht High School Pupils for May Day.

Fifteen pupils at New Utrecht High School, who stayed away from classes on May 1 were sent around to the principal and referred to the board of education. Campbell, acting superintendent of schools, told the principal to hush the matter up and referred them back to the school. They have to bring their parents. This is the same high school which got so much publicity recently by suppressing its history club, where the students were learning some of the real facts about this capitalist government. Here, too, a bulletin was given out by the Young Communist League, and Lisson, head of the “service squad,” heat up a girl distributing them.

Yonkers Cops Break May 1 Demonstration.

YONKERS, N.Y., May 4. Despite police refusal to issue a permit, over 500 workers gathered here on May Day at City Plaza, on the call of the Communist Party. A group of comrades passed the police lines with the speakers’ platform. T.P. Barrett, who was chairman of the meeting, had barely begun to speak, when he was thrown off the stand by a detective and arrested. McLoughlin then got up, but he too was immediately pinched. Another speaker was not permitted to get on the box, and the cops then dispersed the workers.

COPS USE WHIPS AT MINER MEET.

WEST FRANKFORT. Ill. May 4. The May Day demonstration here was attacked by police and coal company and United Mine Workers thugs with clubs and whips. Whip lashes rained about the heads and shoulders of the miners. One miner, Dujon Ivkovich received a broken head, in which three stitches were necessary. Speakers Early and Rice were beaten up. Ellen Gwalthey, director of the Young Pioneers was pulled oil the speakers’ stand three times, and arrested.

1,500 MEET AT CALIF, CAPITOL.

SACRAMENTO, Calif., May 4. Fifteen hundred May Day demonstrators in the Plaza showed great interest in the Communist Party program, defense of the Soviet Union, and the struggles against imperialist war. At a street meeting in the evening, police attacked and broke up a crowd of 500. The workers are indignant, and ask the establishment of a Communist Party nail, and organization. The Sacramento slave market is glutted, with the prevailing wages $2 a day and board.

BIG MASS MEETING AND PARADE THRU PATERSON.

PATTERSON, N.J. In spite of police action against! the spreading of the May Day Call, thousands of employed and unemployed demonstrated at the City Hall, crowding on the sidewalks and far into the streets. The Communist Party, Young Communist League and Trade Union Unity League speakers exposed the government brutality against the unemployed. A resolution demanding the release of the New York Unemployment delegates and for stronger fights for work or wages was unanimously adopted. Ending the City Hall monster mass meeting with a resolution for struggle for the 7-hour day 5-day week, and against war on the U.S.S.R., the workers joined the first May Day parade held here in many years, and marched singing and cheering through mill and working class sections. Industry and business was practically at a standstill as the workers greeted and cheered the parade. “Defend the Soviet Union,” “Long live the N.T.W.U.,” “Build the C.P. and Y.C.L.” were slogans enthusiastically applauded by the workers at; the mill windows. The parade was followed by hundreds or the sidewalks, and many joined m the march. At Union Hall, thousands massed at the door and cheered for the! unity of the working class, against the bosses. Soon the hall was packed. A short meeting was held. M. Kushihsky, organizer of N.T.W.U., spoke, calling to join and support the C.P. and revolutionary trade unions. After the meeting, fourteen workers joined the Communist Party.

VA. NEGROES DEFY TERROR.

NORFOLK, Va., May 4. Two hundred Negro workers defied all attempts of the police and bosses to intimidate them at their first May Day meeting here. Norfolk police and detectives were trying hard to keep them away, but failed. The crowd heard Joe Keen, of the International Labor Defense, and George Carter, of the American Negro Labor Congress, tell of the significance of May Day, and many there joined the I.L.D. and A.N.L.C. A meeting to demand the release of Powers and Carr, facing a trial that may end in the death sentence for distributing leaflets in Atlanta, will be held here May 12.

1,000 to 5,000 in New Britain May First.

May Day demonstrations also took place in New Britain, where about 4,000 to 5,000 participated, in Springfield, Bridgeport, Waterbury, Hartford, Norwalk, for the first time in the history of that town, and in Portchester.

Negro Toilers Applaud May Day Speaker, Bayonne.

BAYONNE, N.J. The workers who shortly after the war fought against police bullets at the Standard Oil plants, protested their working conditions and demanded a change in the social system at the May Day demonstration here. Negro workers especially, were enthusiastic over Sadie Van Veen’s speech for the solidarity of all workers, regardless of age, sex, nationality or creed or race.

ROME WORKERS PROTECT SPEAKERS.

May Day Meeting Held in Defiance of Police, Thugs

ROME, Ga. Two hundred workers and unemployed gathered around the speakers’ stand here in the first May Day demonstration ever held in this city. They were prepared to defend themselves and their speakers and did rescue one of them from the police. Thousands of leaflets were distributed among the mill, stove foundry and railroad workers, giving the demands of the unemployed and calling for a fight on capitalism and for the defense of the Soviet Union. Thugs with shotguns threatened to shoot down the workers distributing the leaflets, but did not dare to do so.

Block Arrests.

The police and sheriff discussed issuing warrants for 11. Jackson, Trade Union Unity League district organizer, and for Mary Dalton, National Textile Workers’ Union organizer, but though of making a preliminary canvass of the workers’ homes first to feel out sentiment about that. The answers they got to their questions were so hot that no warrants were issued. Bets were offered by the thugs that no meeting would take place, and many threats were made against speakers and organizers or demonstrators, but the meeting was held anyway. H. Jackson spoke on the significance of May the role of the A. F. of L. in the South and the need of the Southern workers for organization.

Fight to Save Speakers.

Mary Dalton spoke in defiance of threats to “get’’ her if she did so. Company thugs began to throw eggs and brickbats at her, with the benevolent neutrality of the police standing all around. They were not able to stop the speaker. The police delegated the company thugs to arrest Jackson. He was seized and crowded into a police car for “a ride,” but the workers’ defense corps swarmed around, prevented the kidnapping and forced the police to admit that they had no grounds for his arrest. The meeting then continued to a successful conclusion, the workers forming a voluntary guard around the organizers.

WORKERS PARADE IN RUBBER CITY.

Akron Police Break It at Goodrich Orders

AKRON, Ohio. A large section of the Akron police department, riding horses and motorcycles into the crowd, cracking heads right and left with night sticks, and backed by a fire engine which could throw 1,000 gallons a minute, blocked the street leading to the B.F. Goodrich rubber plant, May Day. The police did not try to stop the parade going north on Main street, but had their orders not to let any of the rubber slaves see a workers demonstration. The horses were lent to the police by the state militia. The workers had met in Perkins Square, where a large crowd applauded speeches on the meaning of May First, and were urged to organize and fight against low wages, long hours and unemployment in the Goodrich, Firestone, and other factories here. Speakers were Morris Stamm, Dave Williamson, and Andrew Parks.

Wore Forbidden Red.

The parade was led by six young worker girls wearing red sashes, though Police Chief Boss had forbidden the workers color to be displayed on May Day. He had also issued strict orders that the parade must not go toward the Goodrich factory, and when it turned south on Main street, attacked with great brutality. Parks and Stamm were clubbed to the ground with nightsticks; Williamson was run down by a motorcycle. All were arrested. Anna Myers, age 18, and Margaret Sabol, age 17, were arrested for “disorderly conduct by noise” because they led the Young Pioneers in singing workers’ song.

1,500 IN HOUSTON DEMONSTRATION.

HOUSTON, Texas. Without request for permit, 1,500 workers, nearly half of them Negroes, met at the city hall here in a May Day demonstration. Placards and signs presented the demands of the unemployed, called for workers’ solidarity, the end of Jim Crowism, complete equality of Negro and white workers, defense of the Soviet Union and no imperialist war. The speakers were Rose Fleer, secretary of the Houston unit of the Communist Party; L.J. Kelley, of the Marine Workers’ Industrial Union, and H. Hagensen. When the resolution embodying the above program was placed before the crowd for adoption there was only one vote against it, this from a pot-bellied, officious looking gentleman, who was promptly told, “You lose,” to the general amusement of all.

Cops Beat Up and Kick Pioneers for Calling School Strike May Day.

When six Young Pioneers covered Junior High School 40 with the slogan “Cut School on May Day” last Thursday, they were attacked by a group of rowdies from the Jewish Synagogue and one of them knocked unconscious. After having carried their comrade home, they returned and continued their work in the school yard. Suddenly ten cops entered with drawn revolvers and threatened to shoot them. They beat them up and took them to the station house. When the pioneers refused to squeal on other comrades, they took Nathan Singer to the back and there a dick and a cop beat him, kicked him in the stomach, threw him on the floor and cut his lip. They kept them in the station overnight, in cold cells, without any covers, and opened the windows to keep them still colder. Three were sent to the children’s court next day and were fined $2 each. Nathan Singer, Bernhard Kaplan and Julius Blickstein came before the magistrate’s court and are now out on $100 bail each.

35,000 IN CHICAGO MEETING MAY 1.

25,000 Parade Streets, Many Strike at Noon

CHICAGO, Ill. Despite fascist terror of the police against the Communist Party and revolutionary organizations the May Day demonstration in Chicago was a successful one. 25,000 workers marched for an hour through the streets and vicinity of the famous Haymarket Square. Tens of thousands of workers greeted the demonstration in the streets as it passed through the working class neighborhoods and along factories. At least 500 slogans and banners were carried in the crowd. As the demonstration marched the workers sang the International, Hold the Front, Solidarity, Red Flag and other songs. 35,000 Hear Speakers. At the starting point of the demonstration twelve speakers addressed more than 35,000 workers. At this time a delegation was elected to present to the city council demands of the unemployed. The delegation was headed by District Secretary of the Trade Union Unity League Nels Kjar and District Secretary of the Unemployed Council Steve Nelson. A number of Negro workers participated in the demonstration as well as over 300 children headed by the Pioneers, workers from the stockyards, Western Electric, Gas plant, Deering, Harvester, Northwestern Car Shops, steel mills, etc. Many workers quit work at noon and came to the demonstration in a body. A large number of working class organizations as well as the units of the Communist Party came in an organized manner to the demonstration. The defense squad organized the demonstration and was ready to stimulate defense in case of an attack from the fascist gangsters or police. At least 500 police patrolled the streets with guns and tear gas bombs ready to use against the workers. The demonstration ended with a huge mass meeting in the Ashland Auditorium. The main speaker was Bill Gebert, district organizer of the Communist Party. He discussed the issues confronting the working class today, the deep-going economic crisis, mass unemployment, strongly emphasizing the demand Work or Wages and danger of war between the United States and England and against the Soviet Union and that the answer to capitalist offensive against the working class and mass unemployment can only be the building of a mass Communist Party, the T.U.U.L. and unemployed councils. The workers must defend themselves from fascist attacks.

Many Join Party.

Large numbers of workers joined the Party at the mass meeting and many sent in applications to the Party headquarters. Lucy Parsons, widow of one of the leaders of the eight-hour day strike in 1885, hung by verdict of the capitalist class, was received with tremendous enthusiasm. She declared that the only inheritance of the revolutionary movement of 1886 is the Communist Party and that she was glad to be associated with it.

Demonstration and Parade in St. Louis.

ST. LOUIS, Mo. Today, May 1st, for the first time in the history of the Labor Movement in this city, 1500 workers participated in the May Day parade and demonstration. The workers gathered at the Mullamphy Playground, and after a short speech, the delegation from the Unemployed Council was sent to the Mayor. The parade started at 11 A.M. and passed through a factory district and working class neighborhood. The workers lined up the windows of the shops and factories and cheered the slogans carried by the demonstrators. The most important feature of the demonstration was that white and Negro workers marched together and that the workers are beginning to understand the necessity of united struggle against capitalism. The demonstration wound up at Columbus Square, where the Sacco and Vanzetti demonstration was held. There a report was made by the delegation to the Mayor. “His Honor” accepted the delegation, hut had only hypocritical sympathy for the unemployed workers, who are starving and being evicted from their homes by greedy landlords. The Mayor could not do anything for them. And why should he? He is getting $10,000 a year to serve the bosses, and only the other day the City Council voted to buy him a $6,900 Imperial 16-cylinder Cadillac, because the Packard he is using now is two years old. The Mayor is serving the capitalist class well. But the Unemployed Council will go ahead and organize the unemployed workers in numerous councils and will force the bosses’ government to grant relief and unemployment insurance. The main weakness of the demonstration was that we were unable to pull any workers or strikers. Our work in the shops is very inadequate and if we are to mobilize the workers next time we Trust build the Trade Union Unity League and shop committees in the factories.

The Daily Worker began in 1924 and was published in New York City by the Communist Party US and its predecessor organizations. Among the most long-lasting and important left publications in US history, it had a circulation of 35,000 at its peak. The Daily Worker came from The Ohio Socialist, published by the Left Wing-dominated Socialist Party of Ohio in Cleveland from 1917 to November 1919, when it became became The Toiler, paper of the Communist Labor Party. In December 1921 the above-ground Workers Party of America merged the Toiler with the paper Workers Council to found The Worker, which became The Daily Worker beginning January 13, 1924.